Reflective Summary of Audio Project B

The purpose of my Audio Project B was to create an Extended Play, which would consist of five songs produced by myself and Adam Thraves. We were initially unsure on whether to produce another artist’s or to record ourselves as a studio band as we wanted to showcase our musicianship as well as our production. We started out recording just as a duo but soon developed into a full band called ‘Arabian Oryx’ when we were joined by our friends, Patrick and Jack, who contributed various parts to the songs such as piano, vocals or guitar where needed.

At the start of this project I outlined my learning outcomes which included developing my technical skills through the use of different production methods. I did this through the recording, mixing and mastering stages. As seen in my blog posts detailing the studio sessions, I employed various recording techniques that I hadn’t used before to either get the best out of the performances or to experiment with techniques, producing sounds that were unconventional or unintended. A perfect example of this was on ‘For My Next Trick’ where we not only recorded the guitar track through the amplifier, but also used boundary microphones (placed on both sides of the wall in the live room) to pick up the extra ambient sound. This was successful enough to be repeated on ‘Father, Son’ where we utilised the technique for the slide guitar part to achieve the ethereal tonality heard on the end of the song. This method shows that I have improved my technical skills as I would normally just use artificial reverb, normally applied in mixing, to achieve the atmospheric sound.

Unfortunately not all the new methods that were utilised were so successful. An example of this came about when we were mixing the song ‘Father, Son’. The use of a matched pair of microphones to record an acoustic guitar part had resulted in audio bleed from the headphones due to the close proximity as well as other unwanted sounds. I wouldn’t say this hindered the project too much and similar problems were easily rectified either by mixing or, in this particular case, re-recording the part with a different microphone set-up. Another part of the project was to use different mastering methods to achieve the final sound. The plan was to use the Izotope mastering software in the Multitrack. We put the final mixes through a ProTools session and used the plug-in called ‘Izotope Ozone 7’. Although it added a bit of volume to the songs, we found that it made them fuzzy and distorted to the point of it not being usable. We tried various pre-sets and altered the level at which it was applied but by that point it wasn’t adding anything extra and was actually detracting from the mixes that we had made over the process. It’s a shame that this was an unsuccessful part of the project as I was hoping to use the new software to meet my second learning outcome. It hasn’t ruined the project though and I would say that the EP sounds good enough without the addition of the Izotope software. The use of ‘Maxim Limiter’ brought the levels of the songs up anyway which was the only problem we had previously encountered.

Although this project was intended to showcase my production skills for future work, it was also a chance to prove myself as an aspiring musician. This was reflected in another of my learning objectives which was to develop my musicianship and arrangement skills by embellishing my previously written songs showcasing the role of session musician as well as that of producer. This was shown in ‘Father, Son’ in which I am the only performer on the track, which includes acoustic guitar, keyboards, mandolin, melodica and a slide guitar part. The original demo didn’t have all of these overdubs present, showing how the ambition of my recording ethos has grown and my musicianship improved. I also acquired a bass guitar during this process, an instrument on which I have had no previous experience playing. Both ‘Baby’ and ‘Ironic Veronica’ feature my bass-lines, showing how much my proficiency on the instrument has evolved over the course of project. The fact that I wrote two new songs (‘For My Next Trick’ and ‘Sip a Fizzy Pop’) for the project displays my compositional skills and ability to develop a song in a short amount of time from an acoustic guitar piece to a fully-fledged band recording.

The third aim of the project was for me to research my influences and apply them appropriately to the product. I researched various bands and artists that I liked to see how they achieved the sound that they wanted. One of these was Arctic Monkeys with their 2011 album ‘Suck it and See’, which is a big inspiration for some of my song writing. Through the use of ‘SoundonSound’ articles I was able to look at the way they recorded that album and then apply it to my own project either by using the exact method or developing it to be more applicable to it. A perfect example of this would be the choice of microphone as detailed in my post on ‘Sip a Fizzy Pop’ as a way to achieve the guitar sound of the record. Some of this learning outcome was not so easily achieved though, as every album isn’t as well-documented as others. I looked into R.E.M. and their producer Scott Litt for inspiration on how they made both ‘Out of Time’ and ‘Automatic for the People’ but didn’t manage to find much beyond general stories about the sessions rather than technical details on equipment. I wouldn’t say it mattered too much though and overall the creation of the E.P shouldn’t have to rely on copying other artist’s methods to achieve the sound. We wanted to put our own style on the record and didn’t record anything merely on the basis of someone else doing it. There are of course influences on the album, as with any artist, but lots of it came through spontaneity rather than proper planning which can upset creativity.

Overall I would say that this project has been a success. I have greatly improved on my production skills and feel confident that I could apply them to future work. I have showcased my musicianship well and feel that this project could be a stepping stone into the industry as a musician/producer. I have met my learning outcomes and even where I haven’t to the extent I intended, I have still been able to justify it.

 

Mixing

Once we’d recorded all of the music, it was time to mix it. Adam and I split the duties between us whilst mixing together. He would normally work on the drum parts first whilst I would focus on guitar and vocals before working on an overall mix between us. This worked well and I think between us we got the sound that we both hoped for.

The first songs that we worked on were ‘Ironic Veronica’ and ‘Baby’ as we had recorded them first and had completed tracking. ‘IV’ had been recorded with a 12-string acoustic guitar which actually caused a few problems in mixing due to the higher timbre of the instrument to that of a normal 6-string guitar. This required a lot of EQ to balance the harsh high-end frequencies within the song. This freed up a lot of the space for the both the bass guitar and the kick drum which occupy the low-end of the mix. The arpeggio guitar was also a fairly high-end based part as it had been recorded with a capo on the 7th fret. As seen in the pictures below the 12 string had to have several frequencies notched out to get rid of ‘rings’ in the instrument. There was also a timing problem with the 12-string part as it had been made up of two takes which meant cutting out the guitar in the middle section. This didn’t matter as there were enough other parts to cover it up.

IV - 12 string EQ 1

 

 

 

The middle section had a lot of mixing involved too. I had performed a harmonics part on the guitar which was meant to back up the solo heard but we found that it was barely audible. I decided to add a lot more reverb to it (DVerb to be specific) and put a slight delay on it to make the part more prominent. This resulted in an ethereal part that added another texture to the song. It blended well with the string part which was added in to be reminiscent of the songs from ‘Out of Time’ such as ‘Near Wild Heaven’ or ‘Shiny Happy People’.

12 String compression (Sip)

 

 

 

 

 

The bass guitar in all four songs (wasn’t in ‘Father, Son’) was treated the same to keep consistency within the album. It was always recorded with a microphone (in one case 3) rather than a DI to pick up the low frequencies better. ‘For My Next Trick…’ had a 3 mic setup which caused problems in mixing as it was muddying up the overall song. Light compression was always added to make the bass pop where needed and we typically equalised it with a high-pass filter to cut off the sub-bass frequencies and turning up the mid-high frequencies a bit to add a bit of punch. This was a technique gathered from our research http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/sep12/articles/mixing-bass.htm

The vocals tended to have the same processes added to them too. Light reverb was added to all the vocal tracks to give them a bit more presence. This was a personal preference of John Lennon’s and is something which I always apply to my vocals. The same EQ pre-set was used across all 5 songs too which was ‘Smooth Vocal’ as it seemed to work well with my lead vocal parts, bringing out the low-mid frequencies in my voice and cutting off the high-end which could be harsh at times. The backing vocals featured prominently in all 4 songs were also doused with reverb (normally a church hall setting to blend them better). The EQ’s differed from each one as I would prioritise the low-ends in the lower harmonies and higher frequencies in the higher parts. I would choose the closest 2 harmonies to be higher in the mix as they blend better and the higher ones could sometimes be a bit shrill in places. This was evident on both ‘Baby’ and ‘Ironic Veronica’ where the lower harmonies were prioritised over the highest one. In the case of ‘Sip a Fizzy Pop’, the opposite happened as the higher 2 harmonies were closer, thus making a better blend. The song had some ‘Beach Boys-esque’ harmonies in the chorus and as a homage to that I prioritised the highest harmony in the style of Brian Wilson who would add a layer of falsetto harmonies to songs such as ‘I Get Around’ and ‘Good Vibrations’ (LO3).

The EP was mainly guitar-oriented and feature a wide array of different sounds produced by the instrument. I tended to add EQ with the HMF turned up a bit more to add a punchier sound, reminiscent of ‘Suck it and See’. This is particularly evident of ‘Baby’ to make space for the bass guitar and ‘Sip a Fizzy Pop’. Another guitar that was used on the song was Patrick’s electric 12 string on which he played arpeggios throughout the song in the style of Johnny Marr from ‘The Smiths’ or Roger McGuinn from ‘The Byrds’. As his line reminded me of the latter’s playing style I put some research into how that was recorded and processed. McGuinn would send his guitar through a compression box to get a punchy, bright sound as heard on ‘Mr. Tambourine Man’. As we hadn’t recorded it in this style I added a compressor in mixing to get the desired sound (LO3). http://www.treblebooster.net/roger.html

12 String compression (Sip)
The compression used to get a sound similar to ‘The Byrds’

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Some experimental processes were undertaken during mixing too. A key example of this is on ‘Sip a Fizzy Pop’ which occurs just before the bridge. The staccato nature of the lead-in was quite punchy already but I wanted to accentuate it even more which was achieved by duplicating all of the instruments at that section and adding a lot of reverb, pitch shift and distortion. This resulted in a washed out section which sounded atmospheric and ambient, a common theme of the songs on the EP. My inspiration for this was the sound of ‘Murmur’ by ‘R.E.M.’, most evident on the song ‘We Walk’ which features an echo-laden section to close the song (LO3).

 

 

Sip a Fizzy Pop

‘Sip a Fizzy Pop’ was also a recent addition to the EP as we had been struggling to hone another song, ‘Chasm Fever’. The sound I had in my head for the song, based on the writing style, was once again ‘Arctic Monkeys’ with their 4th album ‘Suck It and See’. I’ve always liked the bright sound of the songs, that had a mix of shimmery guitars and vocal harmonies.

We started, as usual, with recording the rhythm guitar as the basis for the song. I played my Epiphone Dot through the Vox amp of the studio and set my guitar to the treble pickup for a brighter, punchier sound. This was recorded with a Shure SM57 which was the same microphone used on Alex Turner’s parts for that album. http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/jul11/articles/james-ford.htm (LO3) Even though it was on a clean setting, with a bit of hall reverb added (a personal preference of mine due to the sound of ‘Suck it and See’), the higher volume of the amplifier caused it to have a bit of drive (not distortion) to the part – another technique used by James Ford.

Pat performed a 12 string guitar part which consisted of picked arpeggios, starting in the chorus and continuing throughout. His playing was very reminiscent of Roger McGuinn’s style of ‘The Byrds’. This is something that I will address in mixing to get that jangly sound that they achieved. (LO3). A new addition in the song came about with the use of hand percussion. My friend, Jack, came down to play on the session and performed an acoustic guitar part, a piano line in the bridge and a guiro part. We decided to record all of the parts at the same time – myself and Pat using egg shakers, Jack using a guiro and Adam hitting a tambourine. We all stood around a AKG-C414, placed in the live room to pick up the reflections and made sure we stood well back as read in our research into how to record percussion. https://www.soundonsound.com/sos/jan08/articles/qa0108_5.htm We performed a few takes of the percussion, due to the odd timing issue, although we knew it was only going to be a background part so we didn’t stress about it too much.

percussion2 percussion

 

 

Lyrics:

You’ve got your scissors to cut out the middle man, stick him on your collage, bury in the sand

The never-ending fizzes of your cola can, forms a new mirage that swallows up my hand

 

Fizzy pop, can I have a sip? Effortlessly suave, pursed around your lips

Dizzy drops, effervescent drips, fizzy pop, winning lucky dips, fizzy pop

 

You’ve got your incomparable romanticism, dreams of paradise, palm-tree poeticism

An admirable set of euphemisms, meaningless advice, dick-hedonism

 

Fizzy pop, can I have a sip? Effortlessly suave, pursed around your lips

Dizzy drops, effervescent drips, fizzy pop, winning lucky dips, fizzy pop

 

Would I be a fool to even try? Am I too late to realise?

Would you like a tune? And you reply ‘depends on the phase of the moon tonight’

My eyes are sore for such a sight, angel delight

 

Fizzy pop, can I have a sip? Effortlessly cool, pursed around your lips

Dizzy drops, effervescent drips, fizzy pop, winning lucky dips, fizzy pop

 

You’ve got your never-ending sunshine optimism, the oozing cola cans, are they still fizzing?

An optical delusion, a prism, amusing epigrams, your eyes do glisten

 

Fizzy pop, can I have a sip? Effortlessly suave, pursed around your lips

Dizzy drops, effervescent drips, fizzy pop, winning lucky dips, fizzy pop

 

Personnel:

 Oliver Cobbin – Rhythm Guitar, Acoustic Guitar, Lead Guitar, Percussion, Lead Vocals, Backing Vocals, Production, Mixing

Adam Thraves – Drums, Tambourine, Production, Mixing

Patrick Delamere – 12 String Electric Guitar, Bass, Percussion, Backing Vocals

Jack Kenny – Acoustic Guitar, Piano, Guiro

For My Next Trick…

For this project, I wanted to write some new material to go with the songs that I had written over the past few years. The previous 2 studio sessions have been dedicated to recording two of these new additions, entitled: ‘For My Next Trick…’ and ‘Sip a Fizzy Pop’. As seen on the tick list update from last week, they have replaced two of the other songs for inclusion on the EP which is itself called ‘Humdinger’.

First up was ‘For My Next Trick…’ which had a relatively slow tempo at 88bpm. This caused some timing issues in places which was rectified by joining takes together and dropping me in where needed. The problem was partly caused by the fact that one section ends on the same chord that another starts with (E major) which meant that it was held for a long time and was hard to keep track of where it started/ended. The inspiration for this song and reference point came from Alex Turner (of Arctic Monkeys) who recorded a solo project EP, called ‘Submarine’. The nature of this record is a lot more low-key than his bands usual output, so seemed applicable to this project as the songs don’t utilise too many distorted guitars etc. (LO3)

The rhythm guitar part was recorded on a clean setting, with a little bit of hall reverb added to achieve the sound heard on ‘Submarine’. To get an even fuller sound, we placed boundary microphones on both sounds of the room. The signal picked up from these two microphones gave off a reverberated sound heard in the 2 seperate channels, showing the success of the technique (LO1). Another method we used was to prop the amplifier on its stand which we had picked up through our research that stated that ‘ lifting and/or tilting the amp [will] minimise the effects of phase cancellation’. This had been a bit of a hindrance in some of previous recordings so using this technique was a great revelation. (LO1). The use of the Shure SM57 had also come about from our research as ‘the sub-200Hz response roll-off reduces low-end cabinet ‘thumps’, which might otherwise conflict with the kick drum and bass in the mix’ http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/aug07/articles/guitaramprecording.htm This will be of great benefit to us as some of the kick drum parts performed by Adam had been washed out in the mix by both bass and guitar.

voxstand

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Our second guitarist, Pat, also added a arpeggio part to the verses of the song and a lead guitar riff in the second second section. For these parts he used a pedal board set-up which included an echo-machine simulator and an Electro-Harmonix chorus pedal. I was keen for him to utilise this pedal as it had been used by Kurt Cobain on ‘Come as You Are’, a personal favourite of mine (LO3) http://www.kurtsequipment.com/effectspage.htm. He also performed the bass guitar part on the song which was recorded with an AKG-D112 and two AKG-414s, placed further away to pick up the room sound. This was done as a result of research into the best methods of tracking bass. http://www.musictech.net/2015/09/how-to-record-bass-guitar/

pat

Bass

 

pat2

 

 

Lyrics:

You picked apart a puzzle, you ought not to pick apart

And clicked your fingers in a rhythm I was unfamiliar with

You picked a part to play, that you played perfectly

And flicked a flickering candle, well of course you did

But now the eyes are gaping, waiting for your next trick

Better saw yourself in half again, best make it quick

 

If you are such a cliché, why then can you not reflect?

Bitter to the bitter end, but what else did you expect?

Deception is the game you play, I think it best you keep away

 

You danced a bossa nova, with your new parakeet

And played the fool in waiting, staring at your feet

You kept us all a-guessing, what is black & white?

You said you didn’t know yourself, and gave us quite a fright

And now the eyes are gazing, for the second act

Your silhouette is looming and your shadow abstract

 

Is she just an enigma, or am I all out of clues?

Bewildered to the very end, and equally bemused

Deception is the game you play, I think it best you keep away

 

You gave a good performance, pretending until the end

Hatred for the mirror, it’s now you’re only friend

The fragments of your life, in pieces on the floor

The rain always bites at you, chills you to the core

But now the eyes have faded, there’s no big return

Adopt a different guise this time, I guess you’ll never learn

 

Personnel:

Oliver Cobbin – Rhythm & Lead Guitar, Lead Vocals, Production, Mixing

Adam Thraves – Drums, Production, Mixing

Patrick Delamere – Rhythm & Lead Guitar, Bass

Jack Kenny – Piano